What is Control Statements in C++?
A C++
Control Structures are statements that change the flow of a program to a
different code segment based on certain conditions. The control structures are
categorized into three major Conditional types they are Selection Statements,
Iteration statements, Jump Statements.
Selection Statements
Selection Statements
If Statement
If statements allow the program to execute different blocks of code depending on
conditionals.If statement executes the code in the body section if the condition evaluates to True, otherwise it skips the body and An Else statement acts as a default case for If statements.
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Else Statement
If is
directly followed by an Else and the condition is false, the code in the Else
is executed. Else statements do not have a condition themselves.
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Else-If Statement
An If
statement can followed by any number of Else-if blocks. Each Else-if has its
own conditional statement and body of code. If an Else-if conditional is False,
then its body of code is skipped and the program will check the next Else-if in
order that they appear. An If followed by a long list of Else-IF's is usually
referred to as an If-Else ladder.
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Iteration Statements
For Loop
A for loop
allows for a block of code to be executed until a conditional becomes false.
For loops are usually used when a block of code needs to executed a fixed
number of times.
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While Loop
A while
loop is a simple loop that will run the same code over and over as long as a
given conditional is true. The condition is checked at the beginning of each
run through the loop ( including the first one ). If the conditional is false
for the beginning, the while loop will be skipped all together.
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Do-while Loop
A do-while
loop acts just like a while loop, except the condition is checked at the end of
each pass through the loop body. This means a do-while loop will execute at
least once.
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Jump Statements
Break
Break is a
useful keyword that allows the program to exit a loop or switch statement
before the expected end of a that code block. This is useful in error checking
or if the outcome of a loop is not certain. For example, the following code
will break out of the for loop if a user asks to leave.
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